Leaves Of Grass By Walt Whitman Essays - Literature,

Leaves Of Grass By Walt Whitman In the twentieth century, the name Walt Whitman has been synonymous with poetry. Whitman's most celebrated work, Leaves of Grass, was the only book he ever wrote, and he took a lifetime to write it. A large assortment of poems, it is one of the most widely criticized works in literature, and one of the most loved works as well. Whitman was unmarried and childless, and it has been noted that Leaves of Grass consumed him greatly; James E. Miller Jr. writes: "...he guided his poetic offspring through an uncertain, hesitant childhood, a lusty young manhood, and a serene old age...it is difficult to write the life of Whitman without writing instead of the life and times of his book...Whitman was the kind of parent who lives his life through his child." (Miller 15) The"poetic offspring" that Miller writes of is of course Leaves of Grass. Whitman poured his soul into the work, as he questioned himself and observed his demeanor through his writing. He "fathered" the tome, as after its initial publishing Whitman went on to release revision after revision as time progressed. Miller goes on to reflect on Whitman's methods, as he tells the reader of Whitman's curiosity towards life, particularly curious about his own meaning in the world in which he lived. "Like any individual of depth and complexity, Whitman was continuously curious about who he was...(he had) a lusty enthusiasm, a hearty relish for life lived at all times to its fullest intensity." (Miller 17) The life Whitman lived "to its fullest intensity" started in West Hills, Long Island, May 31, 1819. He was one of nine children to Walter and Louisa Whitman, his father a farmer and his mother a devout Quaker. Quakerism was the only religious inheritance the Perez 2 family passed on to Walt, and, as Miller notes, could also be seen later in his famous"sea-poem". "Out of the cradle endlessly rocking, Out of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle, Out of the Ninth-month midnight... Passage to more than India! Of secret of the earth and sky! Of you o waters of the sea! O winding creeks and rivers!... O day and night, passage to you!' (Whitman 180-294) ...His use of ?thee' and ?thou' in his poetry, his reference to the months by their sequential number (?ninth month' for September), and his instinctive adoption of the inner light?all of these Walt could trace back to his Quaker background." (Miller 17) This Quakerism also contributed to the style of Leaves, told with certain closeness and a certain emphasis paralleling that of a preacher. Miller comments on this style: "His was a day of evangelism and oratory. As a child he was no doubt frequently exposed to both. The passionate intimacy and pleading of many lines in Leaves of Grass could...have been used by an itinerant preacher..." (Miller 43) Aside from his Quaker traces, Leaves of Grass has been criticized as being an extension of Whitman's life. Just as Miller described the work as Whitman's child, John Kinnaird comments on the great level of importance at which Whitman held his masterpiece: "...Leaves of Grass suggests so much of the original existential Whitman that criticism must continue to recover and understand, particularly since this is the first poet who ever insisted that his book was in reality no book." (Kinnaird 24) Kinnaird reinforces the criticism of Miller Jr. as he emphasizes the autobiographical and introspective nature of Leaves. It seems that Whitman used this work as a release, and Perez 3 had a marvelous interpretation of life in general. He also had a unique estimation of poetry itself. In his introduction to Leaves of Grass he writes: "The power to destroy or remold, is freely used by him (the greatest poet) but never the power of attack. What is past is past. If he does not expose superior models and prove himself by every step he takes he is not what is wanted." (Whitman 8) The introduction from which the passage was taken is one of great length, with elaborative and expressive sections, in which Whitman further explains the muse behind his book, the "child" he conjured up at the time, as he was without any family of his own. James A. Wright comments on the introduction and his poetic brilliance: "Whitman's poetry has delicacy of music, of diction, and of form...I mean it to suggest powers of restraint, clarity, and wholeness, all of which taken together embody that deep spiritual inwardness...which I take to be the most

What Are The Rules Of Evidence For Federal And New York Coursework

What Are The Rules Of Evidence For Federal And New York Coursework What Are The Rules Of Evidence For Federal And New York – Coursework Example New York Rules of Evidence Evidence regarding the character of the accused shall not be used to prove that on an occasion, they acted according to their character(s). Nonetheless, if the accuser offers alleged evidence of the pertinent character traits of the accused, then the prosecutor may have to reconsider the case (4512). Evidence pertaining to the character of a witness can be admitted as governed by Rules 4511-4512. Evidence that the accused committed or had committed similar crimes in the past is not admissible before the state and federal courts (Nicholas, 2009). Evidence of the habits or routines of individuals or organizations can be admitted to prove that they acted according to their routines or habits (rule 4513). The court can use this evidence irrespective of whether they corroborated, or an eye-witness are present.Citizens and organizations within the United States are subjected to equal rights and privileges based on experience and reason of the state and federal co urts as dictated by a federal statute, United States Constitution, and the Supreme Court unless they state otherwise. It is only in civil cases that the state laws govern privileges regarding a defense or claim (Rule 4515). The New York State Law makes independent deliberations (Nicolas, 2009).A witness shall only testify after the introduction of evidence; the evidence must be sufficient to support the claims made. The witness must be of sound mind to make personal testimonies. The State of New York State Country may have to determine the validity of such testimonies (Rule 4517).Admissions made by party-opponent are not considered as the hearsay. Their evidential admissibility results from and adversary system rather than meeting the conditions for the hearsay rule.It is a requirement that authentication should be present for evidence to be regarded as admissible (Nicolas, 2009). Furthermore, authentication is necessary in supporting a finding in a case in the State of New York.The best evidence rule is applicable when a party seeks to prove that the evidence brought in court is satisfactorily based on original entries. Temporary records written on paper are not original books of the business as is stated by this rule (Nicolas, 2009). In matters regarding judicial notice, the New York Rule of evidence states that the rule applies only to adjudicative facts. The facts presented in the case should not be subject to reasonable dispute. Judicial notice can either be discretionary when not requested or mandatory when it is requested by a party.In the case, the truthfulness of a character is in question; the court has the liberty to call character witnesses to verify this (Nicolas, 2009). It might be in question due to evidence of community reputation or convictions.ReferenceNicolas, P. (2009).  New York and federal evidence rules with commentary  (1st ed.). New York: Walters Kluwer Law Aspen Publishers.

A middle class family named The Birlings Essay Example for Free

A middle class family named The Birlings Essay ? An Inspector Calls, written by J. B. Priestley, is about a middle class family named The Birlings. The Birlings lived in an up and growing industrial town in the north midlands. Set in 1912, the Birlings were happily celebrating their daughter Sheila’s engagement to a respectable businessman, Gerald Croft. However, the modest celebration turned out to be more than eventful when an unexpected inspector arrives enquiring the suicide and death of a young girl names Eva Smith. Whilst doing so, the inspector unlocks a chain of family secrets along the way. The play, in its time, proved to be very popular, and still does so today. In this play, I think that J. B. Priestley chose the characters very well. I think that what made the play so appealing is the way in which he gave each character such a strong personality. Each member of the Birling family has a unique personality and throughout the play some of the Birling family change. I do think however, that the Birlings as a whole family are quite stereotypical. The Birlings come across as a family that have wealth and seem to be quite a respected family of a high class. At the beginning of the play, the Birling family seem to be quite a closely bonded family but throughout the play this bond seems to drift apart as they recognise their differences. The family consists of four very unique and exciting individuals: Arthur Birling- A very self-obsessed, wealthy business man, also very self-opinionated. The perfect example of an old snob. Obviously very proud of his achievements in life, but with his heart set on a knighthood which would be his ultimate achievement. Sybil Birling- Considers herself high in regard to social standings, largely on the back of her husbands’ success and wealth. Possibly a ‘Hyacinth Bucket’ of her time. A very unlikeable woman who sees lots of people as being beneath her. Sheila Birling- comes across as a very polite and obedient woman, looking forward to her engagement to Gerald Croft. However, as the play goes on, Sheila begins to realise the truth about herself and the Birling family, and begins to stand up against them. Eric Birling-Quite an enclosed person. Eric’s personality is hard to detect. He seems to be the outcast of the family, and the family do not discover until later on in the play that Eric is in fact a heavy drinker and was to father a illegitimate child. A typical wealthy young man of the day. A middle class family named The Birlings. (2017, Nov 07).

Balanced Scorecard and Strategy Map Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Balanced Scorecard and Strategy Map - Coursework Example The study will identify the measures to be taken for fulfilment of the objectives followed by the recommendations to Chevron for achieving the target. The study will also reflect the strategy mapping for Chevron Corporation followed by the link between each perspective (financial, customer, internal business process, learning & growth) and the perspectives and the objectives. In this study, it will be shown that how the four perspectives of balance score card are linked to each other and how the perspectives and objectives are linked to each other. Finally the study will be concluding with a critical analysis of the balance score card and the limitations of the balance score card. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Vision of Chevron 4 Strategy 5 Designed Balance Scorecard 5 Balance of Balance Score Card 10 Strategy Map 12 Links within Each Perspective and the objectives 13 Recommendation 14 Balance Score Card: A Critical Analysis 15 Limitations o f Balance Score Card 16 Works Cited 17 Name of the student Name of the professor Course number Date Introduction Chevron Corporation is a multinational energy corporation whose headquarter is located in San Ramon, California. The company operates in more than 180 countries and is engaged in gas, oil and other geothermal sectors including production, exploration, marketing, chemicals manufacturing and power generation. It is one among the six major oil companies. From last five years, the company has been ranked as the third largest corporation (in Fortune 500) in America. Chevron is considered to be one of the largest corporations, in terms of revenue. Vision of Chevron The vision statement of Chevron is â€Å"At the heart of The Chevron Way is our vision †¦to be the global energy company most admired for its people, partnership and performance" (Chevron, â€Å"The Chevron Way†). The values of Chevron Corporation are: Integrity The company performs its operations with i ntegrity and meets the highest standards of codes and ethics in its business dealings. The company believes in keeping its commitment and accepting the responsibilities (Chevron, â€Å"Values†). The company holds itself accountable for its work and its actions. Diversity Chevron respects the culture in which it works and learns from it. It values and respects the uniqueness of the individual and their varied perspectives and the talents they possess. It has an inclusive working environment. Protecting the people as well as the environment The company places its highest priority on the safety of the work force and the protection and proper care of its assets and environment (Chevron, â€Å"Corporate Responsibility†). The company aims to be admired for the world class performance by means of the Operational Excellence Management System. Trust The management and the employees of Chevron believe in respecting and supporting each other and they strive for earning the trust of the partners, the colleagues and the customers. Ingenuity The company seeks opportunities out of ordinary solutions. It utilises the creativity of the employees to find practical ways of solving problems. High performance The company is committed to the excellence in its performance. It strives to improve consistently and achieve results that exceed the expectations. Strategy Chevron states that its capital

Select a recent arms control agreement, outline its main features and Essay

Select a recent arms control agreement, outline its main features and evaluate its effectiveness. In light of your findings, is arms control possible in an anarchic world - Essay Example na; and Strategic and Tactical Arms Reduction Treaty (START) between the United States of America and the Russian Federation have been a great help in keeping the world safe from nuclear weapons and nuclear wars since the Second World War These treaties are put into action with the agreement of governments that they will not produce any more weapons and arms and reduce their already existing weapons. When the Soviet Union was divided, Kazakhstan and Belarus decided to give their weapons up and joined international conventions. To see to it that the treaties are being honoured, on site inspections satellite verification or by aero planes are conducted on a regular basis. Verification is done by either bodies like International Atomic Energy Agency or the parties involved in the treaty. Often the destruction of weapons of mass destruction is assisted by international peace organizations (About, 2012). Current issues related to the regulation of arms worldwide are mainly that the weapons of mass destruction as well weapons like guns etc are being illegally proliferated on a large scale and are finding their way to terrorists and countries which are not politically and economically stable. Pakistan, Iran and North Korea’s geostrategic interests are different from the United State of America and Russia’s and that is the reason behind these countries not being a part of any non proliferation treaties and they remain a powerful threat to the United State of America and Russia. In July 2009 presidents Obama and Medvedev renewed the old START treaty with the new START treaty and decided to decrease the amount of weapons to one-third (About, 2012). The new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) is one of the current arms control treaties between the United States of America and Russian Republic. It is the renewed version of the old START treaty. In Prague, on April 8, 2010 President of the United States of America, Barack Obama, and the president of the Russian

Document Analysis of John Browns Address to the Virginia Court Essay Example for Free

Document Analysis of John Browns Address to the Virginia Court Essay The address given by John Brown to the Virginia court was his final words before execution on charges of treason. The charges were given because of a raid that he directed with the intent to take federal weapons which is an act of treason. On October 16th-18th, 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown led a group of white and black men, including two of his sons, on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown’s goal was to seize the federal arsenal, arm the local slaves, and fight a way into the North as described in this primary source in court. This raid was not surprising because of his abolitionist background and insanity as described by the Robert E. Lee who led the Union Army that suppressed the revolt. The group held up in a fire department and was attacked by Lee’s soldiers. The failed attempt resulted in Brown’s capture, trial, and execution on December 2nd. This episode of slave resistance was the last major rebellion contributing to the secession of the South and, eventually, the Civil War. Purpose: John Brown had a a few purpose for delivering this address. Obviously, it was given in response to charges accumulated from the raid, and the address also makes several points explaining his defense. Brown stated that he did not intend to fire a single gun but wanted simply to take slaves from plantations and lead them to northern states or Canada. Brown also stated that he did not induce the others involved in the raid to join him which lessened his crime in his mind. To the charges he addressed, â€Å"I never did intend murder, or treason, or the destruction of property, or to excite or incite slaves to rebellion, or to make insurrection. Though he denied the charges, one can infer that Brown really did want a slave uprising to occur in the South due to his strong abolitionist morals and beliefs. If the raid were to be successful, Brown would not stop with those slaves, but rather continue his forced manumission of the South. Brown’s impression of the trial was one of satisfaction, but he argued that â€Å"it is unjust that I should suffer such a penalty [of death]. † He made this argument because his intent was not to start this uprising but, instead, to be an act of defiance that he knew would indirectly cause a mass insurrection in the South. Value: John Brown’s address is not a historical landmark and was a less significant historical document that had minimal aftermath; however, it provides a specific example of responses in court giving insight into how acts of slave resistance are dealt with legally. Brown gives this document a unique texture because of his eloquence in court compared with his savagery in the raid. Overall, he is given the status of a martyr with his words: â€Å"I submit [to death]: so let it be done! † Brown reveals a very different side of his personality in which he is a dignified martyr. He predicts that slavery will never end peacefully in the country whose â€Å"rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments†. Historians can use this document today to show people strong in their beliefs who act upon them, and although some failed in their efforts, their cause was strengthened. Limitations: The address made by John Brown contains several limitations that affect its credit as a historical source. A significant limiting factor is that there is only one opinion to explain the raid. Brown had a biased opinion mainly because of his childhood having been greatly influenced with abolitionist morals and beliefs. One would think that Brown’s address would be biased in spite of his numerous accusations, but he speaks as if he had nothing to lose. The aiding and abetting criminals in the raid would not have delivered a speech as dignified and passionate as Brown’s but would obviously be similar in their renditions of the event. To fully understand Brown’s raid, historians would need to consult Robert E. Lee’s notes. After viewing both sides of the story, a historian can either choose a side or make an inference that incorporates both.

A New Solution to Bring Back the Smile Essay -- Customer Service McDon

A New Solution to Bring Back the Smile Robert Liney is a divorced 34-year-old lawyer with four year old, a six year old, and an eight year old. Robert lives outside of Morristown, New Jersey and commutes an hour each way to his law firm. His law firm handles corporate mergers, and on average Robert works 60 to 70 hours a week. About two years ago, Robert and his wife, Marie, got divorced because of his busy schedule. On days when Bob gets custody of the kids, he does not have a lot of time to prepare dinner. McDonald’s fits well into his budget, is conveniently located on his way home from work, provides a great atmosphere for family dining, and, to top it all off, the kids love the Happy Meals. Robert and his children visited McDonald’s five to six times a month and spent around $18 dollars each visit. However, one day Robert and his children stopped in to McDonald’s before seeing the movie, Pokemon. First, the teenage cashier made them wait while he answered his cell phone and exchanged comments with the other workers. Then the cashier did not smile and warmly greet the family. He rushed through the order, placed it incorrectly, and undercharged him. Robert was happy to notice that he was undercharged, but then was completely disappointed to notice that he was given an incorrect amount of change back to make the meal an overcharged one. Due to this poor employee service, Robert and his family never come back to McDonald’s again. Robert and his family spent around a hundred dollars each month that McDonalds will now lose. What about all the other customers that this employee dealt with? How many other customers and how much money did the franchise lose from the rudeness of employees on that ni... ...several thousand dollars per unit in which McDonald’s will regain in a short period of time. In conclusion, the quality McDonald’s customer service is dropping and a new strategy is needed to bring a smile back onto customer faces. Customers such as Robert Liney should not have to face poor customer service at such a reputable restaurant chain as McDonald’s. By using technology as the intermediate between customers and employees, this will greatly enhance customer relations and lost profits. McDonald’s is the place that loves to see you smile. Works Cited Gibson, Richard. â€Å"McDonald’s Finds Angry Customers on Its Menu.† Wall Street Journal. 16 Jul. 2001 : A14 Reh, F. John. â€Å"Good Customer Service Is No Longer Enough. †About the Human Internet. 2001. http://management.about.com/library/weekly/aa042699.html.

How you Responded to the End of the Story ‘Lord of the Flies’ Essay

I am going to explain how I responded to the end of the story, ‘Lord of the Flies’. When Golding wrote, ‘Lord of the Flies’ his views on the world were not very good. When he came out of the Second World War he said that much of what he saw could not be accounted for â€Å"except on the basis of original evil†. What he means is the evil that is already within all human beings. During the ending, Ralph is being hunted down by Jack and the rest of the savages. In this part you seem to be in the mind of Ralph where you learn and understand what he is going through. You can see that Ralph is rushed for time and cannot think because he knows that at any moment on of the hunters could spot him, â€Å"If only one had time to think†. You can understand and feel how scared Ralph is because every time he hears a sound he is very anxious and wonders if it is a savage or just a pig or a bird. The style of the language seems to almost change its tempo as you read it. At one time everything is slow and still. Then it changes and Ralph is rushing about for a hiding place so he cannot be seen. For example, â€Å"he flung himself down by some ferns†. Another thing that changes is the sound of the forest on the Island. Some times it is really quiet and then everything becomes suddenly loud. For example, â€Å"curious trickling sounds†¦. the roar of the forest rose to thunder†. Before the Naval Officer turns up on the beach a lot of the scenery is very violent with flames all around â€Å"the fire flapped at his right shoulder†. Then, as soon as Ralph notices him, everything like man hunting and murders seem so trivial. The Officer thinks that they were just having â€Å"fun and games†. He does not realise what was going on whilst the boys were stranded on this Island. Also once the Officer arrives the language seems to come from his point of view. At first, when the children arrive on the Island they make laws and elect a leader. Everyone seems happy and they are all enjoying the environment of being on their own without any adults to tell them what they should be doing. For example, Ralph says in the first chapter â€Å"No grown-ups†, which he thinks is a good thing. As the novel goes on things start to break down. The rule of the conch begins to be ignored; acts of destruction are being seen and two sides form. Jack’s side whom just want to hunt for meat and play games â€Å"we want meat†. Then there’s Ralph’s side that are making shelters and are trying to find a way off the Island â€Å"If it rains like when we dropped in we’ll need shelters†. One of the ways they tried to get off the Island was by using a fire to create smoke on the top of the mountain. They started it by using Piggy’s glasses, † His specs-use them as burning glasses†. Later the Islands conditions deteriorated even more by the death’s of Simon and then Piggy. At this stage Ralph only has Samneric to turn to. Even they are taken onto the side of the savages, â€Å"they made us-we couldn’t help it†. All these things happen and then they end up hunting Ralph himself, â€Å"They’re going to do you†. Ralph, at the end of the novel was frightened and felt as though he was a hunted animal. All of the savages thought that he was the person in the wrong because he did not follow Jack. He was going to be treated like a 17th century criminal in the way they wanted to put his head on a post like the pigs, † Roger sharpened a stick at both ends†. Ralph had now lost his leadership to the evil of Jack. Jack was now in charge with his own savage society. â€Å"Roger spoke†¦. Chief†. Roger was still evil and was like Jack’s right-hand man. He was the second most important person in the savage tribe. He was really evil right from the start from when he knocked the small children’s sand castles over. Samneric in this play stand for the rest of the people in the world. The way they are easily persuaded to change sides so that they don’t get hurt and don’t stick up for what is right â€Å"they made us†. Simon seems to stand for all good. He seems to represent Jesus Christ in this microcosm. ‘The Lord of the Flies’ represents all evil like Jack and Roger. It is like the Devil. Also the Island that represents the world in the microcosm has two sides. The first is the Lagoon, which is all nice and calm or good, and then the other side of the Island, which is all rough, open sea representing evil. The ending of ‘Lord of the Flies’ is quite abrupt. At one point Ralph is running in a mad rush. Then he seen the Naval Officer and everything calmed down and didn’t seem as bad. The Officer seems to represent sanity and brings the children back to civilisation. After this they were taken off the Island. The Officer said, â€Å"We’ll take you off†. I think this ending is quite good therefore because it shows that among all of the violence in this microcosm, it is just the same in the real world, just on a smaller scale. When the Officer rescues them it shows hope for the World. So after reading the end ‘Lord of the Flies’; linking it to the atmosphere at the start of the story and how Ralph managed to get out of it. I have realised that the ending of the novel is good and true to real life. At the time it was written and now.

The Family Is an Ideological Construction That Perpetuates Patriarchy. Discuss.

The family is a repressive and ideological construction that perpetuates patriarchy. Discuss. Families could be described as one of the most basic forms of social organisation. Look almost anywhere in the world and you will find some form of family unit. This has happened arguably through reproduction, humans have drives and sexual needs which result in the creation of a new life, which to begin with, is completely helpless and dependant for a long period of time. The family is almost universal; the only exception to this would be communes. Functionalists agree that the family is a primary social organisation and that it does serve the purpose of integrating further generations into society with cultural values and norms. Functionalists believe that the family carry out the role of socialisation, which is the backbone of most societies. This leads to an efficient economy and social order. Functionalists say that the family satisfies the basic physical and emotional needs of humans. Murdock (1949) claimed that the family performs four basic functions in all societies; sexual, reproductive, educational, and economic. He believed that no other institution matches the efficiency of the nuclear family and therefore contributes to its universality. Talcott Parsons argued that primary socialisation of children and the stabilization of the adult personalities were common to the family in all societies, not just American. There are criticisms of the functionalists view on the family. Functionalism ignores alternative family structures, and ignores functional alternatives to the family. Further to this Marxist, Feminists, and Post Modern Sociologists do not accept that the family performs particular functions on its own in isolation of other institutions. Marxists say that the family is a major prop for the capitalist economy. They believe that women reproduce future generations of workers alongside providing unpaid domestic labour. Women are very much seen as servants to capitalism. Traditionally they stay at home and encourage children to study and enter employment. Further to this families are the central units of consumption in modern societies. We buy houses, cars, material possessions, and holidays. Zaretsky (1976) argues that in modern capitalist society the family creates the illusion that the private life of the family can be separated from other aspects of life like economy. He believed that the family cannot provide for the psychological and personal needs of individuals. It cushions the effects of capitalism on individuals while perpetuating the system. However this cannot compensate for the general alienation and lack of fulfilment produced by capitalism. Modern Marxist accounts of the family emphasise not only its structural features, but also its function in socialising children into the ideology of society. Marxists believe that this is simply a way of continuing the narrow standards of capitalism. Where functionalists like Murdock and Parsons see this socialisation process in the family as a healthy adjustment to the surrounding social relationships, the Marxist tends to see it as the manipulation of the child’s personality to ensure that it remains in line with the social and economic system. The family is both the institutional and psychological model for social organisation associated with an unequal distribution of wealth and power and the domination of one section of society by another. Marxism offers an explanation for the exploitation of women by men. This is that the family affords opportunities for men to compensate for their real lack of power in capitalist society by exercising domination over their households and their female partners. The role of the male in the family disguises the exploitative nature of the economic system as a whole. Marxists recognise the exploitation of women in marriage and family life but emphasises the relationship between capitalism and the family rather than the family’s effect on women. Feminism stresses the exploitation of women as a key feature of family life. Feminism has had the most influence on the study of the family since the 1960’s. They are highly critical of the family and emphasize the harmful effects of family life upon women. It is argued that through the production of labour power the family produces and rears cheap labour at minimal costs to capitalists, as well as acting as an emotional support, absorbing frustrations of working in the capitalist system, therefore reducing the revolutionary potential. Radical feminists describe the family as an economic system characterised by the domination and exploitation of women by men. It typically features a male head of household who has ultimate control of family resources and is the final decision-maker. Women assume by far the greater responsibility for household tasks as unpaid labourers, provide sexual services for the head of household and bear and rear his children. In addition, they assume the overwhelming share of tasks like caring for old and disabled family members. The contributions made by women to family life are thus far greater than those made by men. Even where the woman happens to be the ‘breadwinner’ she bears a disproportionate burden of housekeeping and is responsible for providing emotional support to the male head of the family. There is a good deal of common ground among feminists, though the ideology is characterised by disagreement, but most feminists agree that sexual inequality is not simply natural, it is also highly political. Female oppression operates in all walks of life, including conditioning in the family, the result of stereotyping. So the traditional divide between ‘public man' and ‘private woman' is unacceptable. Gender is a significant social aspect, like class, race or religion. It is caused by patriarchy, the dominance of men over women in a relationship of power. The dominance of men in the family symbolises male supremacy in all other institutions. Sex and gender should not be confused. Biologically, only women can be mothers, but they don’t have to accept the responsibilities of motherhood – nurturing, educating and raising children by devoting themselves to home and family. Sex refers to unavoidable biological differences; gender, on the other hand, is a cultural term and refers to the different roles that society gives to men and women. The overall goal of feminism is the overthrow of patriarchy and the ending of sexist oppression. Liberal feminists place the emphasis upon legal and political equality for women. They have pursued an equal rights agenda, and generally in a very pragmatic way. They want women to be able to compete on equal terms with men in every area of public life; there is no question of women being superior or entitled to favourable treatment. Hence the stress is on female emancipation, equal rights and opportunities. Socialist feminists argue that these equal rights mean little unless women also enjoy social equality. This means that they address issues such as the ownership of property, the differences in pay and mployment opportunities for men and women, and the distinction between wages labour and unwaged labour for women. So ‘difference' is linked to patriarchy, seeing it as a manifestation of oppression and subordination. Radical feminists believe ‘the personal is the political'. They are primarily concerned with equality in family and personal life. Equality must therefore operate with respect to childcare and other domestic responsibilities, as well as with respect to control of one's own body, and individual sexual expression and fulfilment. The stress is more on difference than on equality – the very idea of equality is misguided since it implies that women would then be ‘male identified' in that they define their goals in terms of what men are or what men have. Women should instead recognise and celebrate the distinctive features of the female sex; the stress is on women's liberation. Clearly, if feminists wish to make permanent long-term changes with respect to the position of women in this society they face the challenge of creating new values with respect to gender and passing these values on to their children. But it is not so clear what the values are that feminists would wish to pass on to their children. An easy answer would be to say general ideas of gender equality. But the deeper we probe, the more complex this issue becomes. What are the specific values that feminists wish to pass on to their children about the structure of the family? Are feminists willing to say that the enemy is patriarchy? And if so, what exactly does this mean, both as a theoretical and a practical matter? The word â€Å"family† covers such a broad spectrum of different things, and is victim to cultural relativity. I would say that the nuclear family was definitely an ideological construction. Ann Oakley (1982) said that the conventional family is nuclear families composed of legally married couples, voluntarily choosing the parent hood of one or more children. I think Oakley’s idea of the family is very ideological. Leach (1967) called this the â€Å"cereal packet† image of the family. Advertisers cling mercilessly to family imagery for selling all kinds of products. The constant use of women in adverts for cleaning products is a good example of repression. Adverts often show fathers coming home from work to a beautiful wife, immaculate home, well behaved children, and a hearty meal on the table. I think this view is archaic in many senses, but also rings very true in millions of households today. Some women aspire to this dream; we all know that life isn’t quite like the adverts, the problem being that we don’t find that out till afterwards! The family is to some extent a repressive and ideological construction, but as long as there is male dominance in other social institutions, this will continue. I would say that the family isn’t as repressive today as it once was. In most modern societies, women can have children and have a career, although this is still somewhat of a blurry area with negative stigma. Further to this there has been a sharp rise in the number of single parent families, which are predominantly headed by women. I do believe the family is ideological; it can’t always be as clear cut because people face different personal circumstances. Households will continue to be male dominated for hundreds of years to come, men are seen as more economically valuable than women, and this can be seen in salary differences. Until the world and media extinguish the onslaught of family propaganda through the media, our children, and perhaps even our children’s children will grow up with the notion of a patriarchal society. References 1. Sociology Themes & Perspectives (seventh edition) Haralambos & Holborn 2. www. sociology. org. uk 3. Psychology- The Science of mind and behaviour Richard Gross 4. www. wikipedia. co. uk 5. Class Notes 6. http://www. educationforum. co. uk/sociology_2/FamilyDiversitycauses. htm

Accounting Analysis of Boston Beer Essay Example

Accounting Analysis of Boston Beer Essay Example Accounting Analysis of Boston Beer Essay Accounting Analysis of Boston Beer Essay This means it does not own most of its operating assets, instead it pays a fixed price per unit of produce for a specified volume. However, it assumes full responsibility for upkeep and maintenance of these facilities Expenditures, repairs and renewals are charged to expense, while major Improvements are capitalized. All equipment and lease hold are recorded at cost. This Is In line with economic reality as Boston Beer bears all the risks and benefits of these assets as If It owned them, though It holds no title. Thus there Is no accounting bias. Boston Beer Company uses a substantial amount of revenues on Sales and Marketing in a bid to build up its brand image and acquire goodwill. Thus their brand should be an Economic Asset, since it will help Boston Beer sell its products at a premium and increase gross margins. However, Accounting standards do not allow this and so Advertising is expensed in the period during which it was incurred. This results in a bias since the effects of Advertising are more long lasting than a financial year, yet the Flanagan statements do not reflect their true potential. So even If the benefits are recognized after a substantial period, the current period could show them to be a loss making expense. Depreciation on these assets is not mentioned under a separate head, but since they account for them in their balance sheet, we can assume assets are NET of accumulated depreciation. EXPENSES There has been no mention of Provisions for Bad Debts which would give an indication of the firms credit policy and whether they are following an aggressive selling strategy but not actually receiving any payments. This could help inflate Net Income as they recognize revenues when goods are shipped to customers net an undisclosed amount of allowance for Unconvertible Amounts. This is a problem with Accrual Accounting that could be erased by a mention of the Expected Bad Debts so Investors could Judge the real revenues of the company. Also there Is no mention of their refund policy or indeed, the purchase/sales returns which could reduce Inventories Ana sales. I Nils Is poor Ulcerous on tenet part Ana could a way to manipulate statements before the PIP. De construed as Innovation is one of the key strategies employed by Boston Beer Co. To differentiate and establish its niche. However since US GAP does not allow R to be capitalized(though it is a valuable asset), BBC must expense it. They have not provided details of this particular expenditure. A reasonable assumption would be that it has been included as part of General and Administrative expenses but it would be more accurate to show it as a separate entry under Operating expenses as has been done by competitor Redbook (which has no R expenses for 2004-2006). This would help investors in deciding the growth prospects of the company. However, if it has not been included, then the operating expenses are understated which would increase Operating Income and hence Net Income. LIABILITIES We can infer that Boston Beer Companys major liabilities are the debt they take on and the payments they must make to the companies they contract out the production process. We know that they provide all raw materials (hence the inventories) but do not know what payment plan is being used. Our assumption is that they pay for the eggs on a per unit basis for a given volume periodically which is why they have such large Accounts payable figures that increase with sales especially in the last quarter. But a payment schedule and also the price per unit paid should be included to estimate profitability and compare the prices they pay with prevalent market figures. This could be mentioned under Cost of Goods Sold to show if Boston Beer is indeed getting the best price available. Boston Beer is not required to pay taxes under US law since they are a partnership, hence no mention of taxation has been made.

Theory, Operationalization, and Observation Essay

Theory, Operationalization, and Observation - Essay Example Scientists have to oversee their operation definitions so as to guarantee the efficacy of their observation, measurement, and communication. In order to test any hypothesis, scientists must specify the meanings of all the variables involved in the hypothesis. For instance, in the stated example, the variables encompass social class and delinquency. Variables refer to operationalized versions of concepts. In order to operationalize the variables, delinquency may be defined as â€Å"an event of being arrested by law enforcement for a crime,† while social class may be conceived in terms of family status or income levels. After the variables definition, the next step entails specifying the mode to be utilized in measuring the variables (Somekh & Lewin, 2005). In the example, the variables may be operationalized in the form of questions such as â€Å"have you ever stolen anything?† The respondents who say yes will be categorized as delinquents, while the respondents who answer no will be categorized as non delinquent. Social class can be operationalized by posing the question â€Å"what was your family’s income last year?† The answer is measured against a set of provided family income categories. The operationalized hypothesis from the stated example can be expressed as the highest incidences of delinquents manifest among respondents bearing the lowest family income category. Observation denotes looking at the world and making measurements based on the observations. Observation details specifying the precise operations involved in measuring variables and incorporate aspects such as seeing, hearing, and touching. Observations can be conducted to test a certain hypothesis or plainly observe and describe some activity. The researchers first employed the theories explaining the dominant role that socioeconomic status play in sociological explanations of delinquency. In operationalizing the

STARBUCKS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

STARBUCKS - Coursework Example 10 Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Investment 10 Conclusion 12 References 13 Bibliography 15 Introduction In 1971, Jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker and Zev Siegal start up a coffee store in Washington in the heart of Seattle’s Pike marketplace. During 1987, Mr. Schultz purchased the store and started expansion of the business outside the Pacific Northwest and Chicago. In 1993 Starbucks registered under company rules and started selling share to expand its business world-wide (Starbucks Corporation, 2013; Lee, 2009). Starbucks wanted to establish itself as the premier seller of the most favourable coffees globally. The company was committed towards ensuring and incorporating exceptional business principles, ethics, corporate social responsibility as well as unique product and services. The mission as well as vision of the company duly focused upon the motto "inspire the human spirit." During the year, 2002, Starbucks conducted qualitative research wherein it was discovered t hat the brand image of the company was deteriorating. As a result, Starbucks has been extensively concerned about its eroding customer base and reducing level of customer satisfaction. The company was duly committed towards mitigating the problem of reducing customer base in order to return to the mainstream of growth and expansion in the global market (Moon & Quelch, 2006). A. The Case Highlights Customer Satisfaction Issues That Starbucks Is Facing. ... This ultimately led the company to place due consideration to resolve these issues in order to remain viable at the marketplace and to gain greater competitive advantage over its rivals. Few important issues considered by the company are revealed below. . Consumer Frequency as well as Loyalty Issue The scores of customer satisfaction obtained from the qualitative research was taken into due consideration by the organisation because this factor was directly related with the customer loyalty and its overall performance. To ascertain the degree of customer loyalty, the researchers were concerns about analysing the data of customers’ frequency of visit in the Starbucks coffee stores. According to the research, it was found that 21% of its total customer visits the company’s stores more than 8 times per month while 37% of customers visit 3 to 7 times per month. At the same time it was ascertained that 42 % of customers visits just 1 to 2 times per month at the Starbucks stor es. Source: (Moon & Quelch, 2006) This research data revealed the negative impact on the organisation in terms of customer loyalty as well as level of customer satisfaction (Moon & Quelch, 2006; Hurth, 2006). Starbucks Brand Image The organisation also concerns about few more important attributes which were associated with the Starbucks brand image. Firstly, the researchers were concerns regarding the customers’ awareness about the speciality of Starbucks gourmet coffee. Through this analytical study the researchers discovered that 54%of customers were fully agreed about the Starbucks speciality coffee and they were aware about this product. Secondly, in